- Solar photovoltaics - photovoltaic systems use solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity. An installation with a peak output of 1Kw can displace around 0.3 tonnes of CO2 emissions each year that would otherwise need to be generated by fossil fuels.
- Passive ventilation - this offers environmental as well as economic benefits by lowering energy use and preventing overheating of buildings to provide controlled conditions.
- Combined heat and power systems - these systems involve the simultaneous generation of electricity and heat in the form of hot water or steam.
- Ground source heat pumps - this technology uses the earth's relatively constant temperature to provide heating, cooling and hot waterresulting in carbon emission reductions of up to 70%.
- Wind power - turbines can be used to generate electricity in parallel with mains supplies or for stand-alone applications.
- Green roofs - a turf or sedum roof has a number of sustainable benefits, such as providing high levels of thermal insulation and improving air quality.
- Biomass boilers - using biomass energy can reduce CO2 emissions released in the combustion process by 90%.
- Rainwater harvesting - this can be incorporated into the design of building services to allow the collection and recycling of rainwater for toilet flushing.
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