The figures, published in response to a parliamentary question from the Conservatives, showed a notable rise in secondary teachers bowing out early.
Early retirement in the private sector is also rising - 590 retired before 60 last year compared to 260 in 2000-01.
David Willetts, the Shadow Education Secretary, said the statistics showed teachers were struggling with poorly behaved pupils and repeated government initiatives. "These figures tell us where teachers are feeling most frustrated and least supported," he said.
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